The james lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions are - A fundamental aspect of the James-Lange theory is that different patterns of arousal may create different emotional experiences. There is research evidence to support each of these theories. The operation of the fast emotional pathway ( Figure 10.3 “Slow and Fast Emotional Pathways” ) supports the idea that arousal and emotions occur together.

 
Oct 19, 2023 · The James-Lange theory of emotion states that emotions are caused by physiological arousal, which is caused by external stimuli. This theory is one of the early counter-intuitive theories that attempts to …. Tesami

Oct 21, 2020 · In an event triggering an emotional response, according to this theory, our body responds (physiological arousal) and we feel an emotion at the very same time, and neither response depends on the other. On the other side, we have the James-Lange theory, which states that our emotions are a result of our physiological responses. This …Cognitive Appraisal Theory. A cognitive appraisal is our interpretation of the eliciting event and of our bodily reactions to the eliciting event. Remember, cognitive appraisal could occur unconsciously, as James-Lange suggested, or consciously, as Schachter-Singer discussed. Many appraisal dimensions exist (for examples, refer to Scherer (1997 ...Over time, several different theories of emotion, shown in Figure 2, have been proposed to explain how the various components of emotion interact with one another.The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight ... Sep 17, 2020 · The Schacter-Singer theory draws on elements of both James-Lange theory and Cannon-Bard theory, proposing that physiological arousal occurs first but that such reactions are often similar for different emotions. The theory suggests that the physiological reactions must be cognitively labeled and interpreted as a particular emotion. cry; tremble. William James would suggest that people feel sorry because they _____ and are afraid because they _____. emotions. mix of bodily arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience. A. see an oncoming car; heart pounds; experience fear. According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, which sequence is the correct order of ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like _________________ s the term psychologists use to describe the force that moves people to behave in particular ways., A _____________ is an innate or unlearned biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species., In drive reduction theory, a(n) _____ is a …The basic emotion theory proposed that each emotion has its own dedicated neural circuitry that is architecturally distinct. For example, fear is a kind of emotion that produce subjective feelings through separate neural pathways of the central nervous system, or peripheral nervous systems (Cowen and Keltner, 2018).Therefore, studying the neural basis might …Which theory of emotion suggests that emotions are the result of physiological changes in the body? - Two-factor theory. - Cannon-Bard theory. - Facial feedback theory. - James-Lange theory. - Cognitive mediational theory. James-Lange theory. T/F: The James-Lange Theory was discovered cooperatively by William Lange and Carl James.Dec 8, 2016 · One of the first and major theories of emotions—the James-Lange theory of emotion (James, 1890)—suggests that physiological changes (including expressive behavior, facial expressions [crying, smiling] and peripheral, visceral responses [heart rate, emotional sweating etc.]) are actually temporally preceding what we call emotions . Thus, …Emotions have two factors-physical arousal and cognitive label. Embodied Emotion. Bodily reaction stem from emotions. Some of these responses are very noticeable (butterflies in our stomach when fear arises), but others are more difficult to discern (neurons activated in the brain) Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System.Aug 16, 2020 · S5. The idea of optimal levels of arousal is similar to a drive theory of motivation. Presumably, we all seek to maintain some intermediate level of arousal. If we are underaroused, we are bored. If we are overaroused, we experience stress. 6 days ago · The James-Lange theory of emotion was proposed by psychologist William James and physiologist Carl Lange. This theory suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological responses to outside stimuli or events. For example, this theory suggests that if someone is driving down the road and sees the headlights of another car heading …This suggests that the emotion and aviodance occurs as a result of the physiological reaction, as theory predicted. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing …An emotion is a subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. Emotions result from the combination of subjective experience, expression, cognitive appraisal, and physiological responses (Levenson, Carstensen, Friesen, & Ekman, 1991). However, as discussed later in the chapter, the exact order in which the components occur is ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like As you walk into your dorm room, you notice that your roommate is crying. Why is it difficult to know if she is happy or sad?, Ekman's research proposed that there are __________ distinct emotions across cultures., According to the James-Lange theory, the conscious experience of emotion …That our emotions are really us perceiving physical changes in the body. The brain makes sense of these changes by concluding that we are feeling certain emotions. Emotions are adaptive; they have survival value. Jamesian: critique. •By Cannon, The body reacts slowly, and our perceptions of it are fairly inaccurate.Mar 18, 2021 · The James-Lange Theory The James-Lange theory is one of the best-known examples of a physiological theory of emotion or mood. Independently proposed by psychologist William James and physiologist Carl Lange, the James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events …The James-Lange theory of emotion states that: a) the emotions we experience cause our bodily reactions. b) our perception of bodily responses leads to our emotions. c) our emotions and bodily responses occur simultaneously. d) emotion and physical reaction happen independently but at the same time. Emotions have two factors-physical arousal and cognitive label. Embodied Emotion. Bodily reaction stem from emotions. Some of these responses are very noticeable (butterflies in our stomach when fear arises), but others are more difficult to discern (neurons activated in the brain) Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System.physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously. According to the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion, we _____ the emotion we are experiencing by observing our environment and comparing ourselves with others. identify. Physiological arousal and _____ emanate from the thalamus, according to Cannon and Bard. …Jun 21, 2019 · This theory draws as much from the James-Lange theory as it does from the Cannon-Bard theory. Like James and Lange, Schachter and Singer also argued that emotions result from physiological responses. The critical factor would be the situation and your interpretation of these responses. This theory also suggests that when an event causes ... The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that our emotional experiences occur because we are aware of our physiological responses to emotionally-charged stimuli. For example, if we witness an emotional moment in a movie and begin to feel our eyes tear up and our cheeks get hot, our brain processes this physiological state and determines that ... Over time, several different theories of emotion, shown in Figure 10.21, have been proposed to explain how the various components of emotion interact with one another. The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or ... Over time, several different theories of emotion, shown in Figure 2, have been proposed to explain how the various components of emotion interact with one another.The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight ... Chapter 13: Emotions, Stress, and Health Summary 13.1 Emotions. Emotion is a subjective mental experience usually accompanied by involuntary physiological changes as well as distinctive behaviors. Involuntary physiological arousals are controlled by the autonomic nervous system, including the sympathetic nervous system, which prepares the body for …Apr 11, 2019 · nomic and skeletomuscular for James—initiated emotional expe-riences or only modified ongoing experiences of emotion. James and Lange believed that bodily activity could do both. For exam-ple, Lange stated that “emotions may be induced by a variety of causes which are utterly independent of disturbances of the mind”Dec 18, 2022 · According to the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion, developed in 1962, there are two key components of an emotion: physical arousal and a cognitive label. In other words, the experience of emotion involves first having some kind of physiological response which the mind then identifies. Many cognitive theories of emotion emerged during the ...The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that our emotional experiences occur because we are aware of our physiological responses to emotionally-charged stimuli. For example, if we witness an emotional moment in a movie and begin to feel our eyes tear up and our cheeks get hot, our brain processes this physiological state and determines that ... The Two-Factor Theory of Emotion. Whereas the James-Lange theory proposes that each emotion has a different pattern of arousal, the two-factor theory of emotion takes the opposite approach, arguing that the arousal that we experience is basically the same in every emotion, and that all emotions (including the basic emotions) are differentiated only …general adaptation syndrome. a theory developed by Sclye that suggests that a person's response to a stressor consists of three stages: alarm and mobilization, resistance, and exhaustion. coping. the efforts to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress. learned helplessness. Dec 18, 2022 · According to the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion, developed in 1962, there are two key components of an emotion: physical arousal and a cognitive label. In other words, the experience of emotion involves first having some kind of physiological response which the mind then identifies. Many cognitive theories of emotion emerged during the ...Oct 21, 2020 · In an event triggering an emotional response, according to this theory, our body responds (physiological arousal) and we feel an emotion at the very same time, and neither response depends on the other. On the other side, we have the James-Lange theory, which states that our emotions are a result of our physiological responses. This …James-Lange theory of emotion: emotions arise from physiological arousal. polygraph: lie detector test that measures physiological arousal of individuals as they answer a series of questions. Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion: emotions consist of two factors: physiological and cognitive Apr 11, 2021 · The James Lange theory of emotion states that emotion is equivalent to the range of physiological arousal caused by external events. The two scientists suggested …Emotion involves feeling, thinking, activation of the nervous system, physiological changes, and behavioral changes such as facial expressions. Different theories exist regarding how and why people experience emotion. These include evolutionary theories, the James-Lange theory, the Cannon-Bard theory, Schacter and Singer’s two-factor theory ...James-Lange theory of emotion. emotions arise from physiological arousal. polygraph. lie detector test that measures physiological arousal of individuals as they answer a series of questions. Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion. emotions consist of two factors: physiological and cognitive. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards ... Model proposing that we must satisfy physiological needs and needs for safety and security before progressing to more complex needs; bottom to top: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Emotion, Discrete emotions theory, Primary emotions and more. The James-Lange Theory of Emotion. William James and Carl Lange were two psychologists who studied emotion in the 1800s. They actually came up with their theories separately! They combined their work later. According to their theory, there are two parts to our emotions. The first is what we experience in our environment and how it affects our ...May 31, 2021 · Contrary to the James–Lange theory, Cannon and, later, Bard hypothesized that the subjective experience of emotion occurs simultaneously and independently of autonomous bodily changes, which they assumed are always of a similar magnitude no matter what emotion is involved (a view that was refuted by Ekman and others only in …Dec 18, 2022 · According to the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion, developed in 1962, there are two key components of an emotion: physical arousal and a cognitive label. In other words, the experience of emotion involves first having some kind of physiological response which the mind then identifies. Many cognitive theories of emotion emerged during the ... Jun 27, 2019 · Over time, the James-Lange theory has been challenged, as well as expanded upon in other theories, suggesting that emotion is the mix of physiological and psychological response. Facial-Feedback Theory. The Facial-Feedback Theory of Emotion suggests that facial expressions are crucial to experiencing emotion. The James-Lange theory of emotion states that what a person thinks about a stimulus causes the emotion., Which is a true statement about cognitive change? A. Cognitive change involves people deliberately putting themselves in situations where they are likely to experience positive emotions and avoid negative emotions. 6 days ago · The James-Lange theory of emotion was proposed by psychologist William James and physiologist Carl Lange. This theory suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological responses to outside stimuli or events. For example, this theory suggests that if someone is driving down the road and sees the headlights of another car heading …james lange theory of emotion: suggests that the emotional state is a result of the ... how we express ideas or emotions to others without using words ... Dec 8, 2016 · One of the first and major theories of emotions—the James-Lange theory of emotion (James, 1890)—suggests that physiological changes (including expressive behavior, facial expressions [crying, smiling] and peripheral, visceral responses [heart rate, emotional sweating etc.]) are actually temporally preceding what we call emotions . Thus, …Apr 11, 2021 · The James Lange theory of emotion states that emotion is equivalent to the range of physiological arousal caused by external events. The two scientists suggested …general adaptation syndrome. a theory developed by Sclye that suggests that a person's response to a stressor consists of three stages: alarm and mobilization, resistance, and exhaustion. coping. the efforts to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress. learned helplessness. Cannon, W. B. (1987). The James-Lange theory of emotions: A critical examination and an alternative theory. The American Journal of Psychology, 100(3-4), 567–586. https:// …The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response when threatened. If you were to encounter some threat in your environment, like a venomous snake in your backyard, your sympathetic nervous system would ...Over time, several different theories of emotion, shown in , have been proposed to explain how the various components of emotion interact with one another. The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response ...The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response when threatened.The James-Lange theory of emotion states that a) to experience emotion is to be aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing event. b) the expression of emotion reduces our level of physiological arousal. c) an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers both physiological arousal and the subjective experience of emotion.Sep 17, 2020 · The Schacter-Singer theory draws on elements of both James-Lange theory and Cannon-Bard theory, proposing that physiological arousal occurs first but that such reactions are often similar for different emotions. The theory suggests that the physiological reactions must be cognitively labeled and interpreted as a particular emotion.Mar 23, 2016 · Schachter and Singer’s theory draws on both the James-Lange theory and the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion. Like the James-Lange theory, the Schachter-Singer theory proposes that people do infer emotions based on physiological responses. The critical factor is the situation and the cognitive interpretation that people use to label that …To investigate the role of cognitive physiological factors in the experience of emotion. Hypothesis 1. If a person experiences a state of arousal for which they have no immediate explanation, they will label this state and describe feelings in terms of cognitions available to them. Hypothesis 2. If a person experiences a state of arousal for ...106-124. Walter Cannon's article on the James-Lange theory of emotions was. an attack on the fundamental notions of emotion held by most. psychologists since its postulation by …The facial feedback hypothesis, rooted in the conjectures of Charles Darwin and William James, is that one's facial expression directly affects their emotional experience. Specifically, physiological activation of the facial regions associated with certain emotions holds a direct effect on the elicitation of such emotional states, and the lack ... Sep 14, 2007 · In the history of emotion theory, four major explanations for the complex mental and physical experiences that we call "feelings" have been put forward. They are the James-Lange theory in the 1920s, the Cannon-Bard theory in the 1930s, the Schacter-Singer theory in the 1960s, and most recently, the Lazarus theory, developed in the …The James–Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotional feelings arise from the mind perception of bodily changes in response to emotive stimuli to ‘colour’ our thoughts (James, 1894; Lange, 1885). Arguably obligatory changes in bodily response are viewed as definitive to emotion, and observed automaticity in bodily reactions is taken ...The James-Lange Theory of Emotions: A Critical Examination and an Alternative Theory on JSTOR. Walter B. Cannon, The James-Lange Theory of Emotions: A Critical …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like People from a variety of cultures are able to look at facial expressions and identify emotions like happiness and surprise. This evidence that facial expressions for emotions are universal suggests that:, Antoinette is a real risk taker. She loves to skydive, and she can party all night. Benita …This suggests that the emotion and aviodance occurs as a result of the physiological reaction, as theory predicted. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing …Jan 16, 2024 · The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous …The James-Lange theory suggests the order as the stimulus, physiological response, and then interpreting these physiological responses, which leads to emotion. Whereas Cannon-Bard suggested that emotions are felt when humans experience an emotion-evoking stimulus, the individual simultaneously experiences the emotion and physiological reaction.The Cannon Bard theory was proposed in response to the James-Lange theory of emotion. The James-Lange Theory was the first to characterize emotion as a label of physical reactions. The Cannon-Bard theory criticizes the James-Lange theory stating that both emotion and physical reactions to stimuli occur simultaneously.Apr 1, 2021 · Simultaneously with James' proposition, Carl Lange, a Danish physiologist and psychologist, independently formulated virtually similar theory. The James-Lange theory of emotion (Lange and James, 1922) suggests that different patterns of arousal in the autonomic nervous system create the different emotions people feel, and that …A central tenet of the appraisal theory is the claim that emotions are elicited and differentiated on the basis of a person's subjective evaluation of the personal significance of a situation, object, or event. During the last 20 yrs, a number of authors (e.g., B. Weiner, 1986) have suggested that the nature of an emotional reaction can best be predicted on …Jan 1, 2021 · According to this view, we first experience the bodily reactions directly elicited by the imagination or perception of an emotion-elicitation event. James famously stated “My theory … is that the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur IS the emotion ...Over time, several different theories of emotion, shown in Figure 2, have been proposed to explain how the various components of emotion interact with one another.The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight ...A central tenet of the appraisal theory is the claim that emotions are elicited and differentiated on the basis of a person's subjective evaluation of the personal significance of a situation, object, or event. During the last 20 yrs, a number of authors (e.g., B. Weiner, 1986) have suggested that the nature of an emotional reaction can best be predicted on …Mar 18, 2021 · The James-Lange Theory The James-Lange theory is one of the best-known examples of a physiological theory of emotion or mood. Independently proposed by psychologist William James and physiologist Carl Lange, the James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events …The James-Lange theory suggests that emotions are the result of physical changes in the body. According to James and Lange, our body’s responses to an emotional event—such as a racing heart rate or sweating, for example—are what make up our emotional experience. Key Takeaways: James-Lange Theory The James-Lange theory suggests the order as the stimulus, physiological response, and then interpreting these physiological responses, which leads to emotion. Whereas Cannon-Bard suggested that emotions are felt when humans experience an emotion-evoking stimulus, the individual simultaneously experiences the emotion and physiological reaction.So thank goodness we have psychologists who do that for us. And as you might imagine, this is a pretty complicated topic. So there isn't just one theory of emotion. There's many theories of emotion. And for our purposes, we're going to discuss four different theories of emotion. The first one is called the James-Lange theory of emotion.James-Lange theory proposed that the state of the body can induce emotions or emotional dispositions. In other words, this theory suggests that when we feel teary, it generates a disposition for sad emotions; when our heartbeat is out of normality, it makes us feel anxiety. Emotions. Pre-cortical and cortical sections - amygdala is involved. Emotion is. is passions or feelings such as love, hate, anger, fear, sadness, etc. In scientific circles, there has been some debate regarding. physiological vs cognitive contributions to emotion. The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests. The James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotions arise as the result of a physiological reaction to events. The theory suggests that when you see an external stimulus this leads to physiological reaction. The physiological reaction determines how you interpret that emotion e.g. I am frightened because I am trembling. Over time, several different theories of emotion, shown in Figure 6, have been proposed to explain how the various components of emotion interact with one another. The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight ...The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions Answers: a. involve arousal and labeling of its causes. b. cause bodily reactions. c. come after bodily reactions. d. occur simultaneously with bodily reactions. e. are not related to bodily reactions. Nov 21, 2023 · The James-Lange theory of emotion is an analysis of emotions in modern psychology that discusses the origin and nature of emotions. Questions like what causes …This essay, published in Mind, IX (1884), 188-204, constitutes James' first publication on the James-Lange theory of the emotions. The physiologists who, during the past few years, have been so industriously exploring the functions of the brain, have limited their attempts at explanation to its cognitive and volitional performances. Dividing the brain into sensorial …Apr 19, 2010 · These findings contradict the James–Lange theory of emotion. Nevertheless, this assumption does not imply that peripheral expressions of emotions are generated simultaneously with the subjective feeling, as posited by the Cannon–Bard theory (Damasio et al., 2000). Indeed, the bodily impact of emotions appears to rely on rapid and certainly ... Nov 9, 2023 · James-Lange theory of emotion (the 1880s) proposed that bodily changes come first and form the basis of an emotional experience. Thus, emotions are caused by …James writes, “the varieties of emotion are innumerable. Anger, fear, love, hate, joy, grief, shame, pride, and their varieties, may be called the coarser emotions, being coupled as they are with strong bodily reverberations” [ 6, p. 241].What is important to note is that in the James-Lange theory, not all emotions are said to initiate ... This position was also being proposed at the same time by Carl Lange (a Danish psychologist), and since been labeled the James-Lange theory of emotion . Walter Cannon (1927) argued that our emotional reactions occur too quickly and are too similar across different emotions to be the result of biological or behavioral responses.

Dec 19, 2023 · Explore the James Lange Theory of emotion and its role in our understanding of how feelings are connected to physical responses.. An e stock

the james lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions are

physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously. According to the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion, we _____ the emotion we are experiencing by observing our environment and comparing ourselves with others. identify. Physiological arousal and _____ emanate from the thalamus, according to Cannon and Bard. …The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response when threatened. If you were to encounter some threat in your environment, like a venomous snake in your backyard, your sympathetic nervous system would ...lation to the James-Lange theory. James attributed the chief part of the felt emotion to sensations from the viscera, Lange attributed it wholly to sensations from the circulatory system. Both affirmed that if these organic sensations are removed imaginatively from an emotional experience nothing is left.emotion. a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience. bodily arousal. sweat, pounding heart. expressive behaviors. quickened pace. conscious cognition. feeling of panic, fear, and joy. Jame-Lange theory. Terms in this set (66) the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion. In Maslow's hierarchy-of-needs theory, these are the biological drives that must be satisfied in order to maintain life. The part of the hypothalamus that produces feelings of ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In the multidimensional scaling of emotions, participants:, The emotion of excitement has _____ and _____., You come home to find an intruder in your apartment. According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, which response would occur first? and more. The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response when threatened. If you were to encounter some threat in your environment, like a venomous snake in your backyard, your sympathetic nervous system would ...Apr 11, 2021 · According to the James Lange Theory of Emotion, you will conclude that you’re scared because your heart is beating really fast. This is not the typical common sense way of thinking about the cause and effect relation between the experience of emotion and its manifestation. James and Lange emphasized that the autonomic activity and actions ...The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions Answers: a. involve arousal and labeling of its causes. b. cause bodily reactions. c. come after bodily reactions. d. occur simultaneously with bodily reactions. e. are not related to bodily reactions.Emotion involves feeling, thinking, activation of the nervous system, physiological changes, and behavioral changes such as facial expressions. Different theories exist regarding how and why people experience emotion. These include evolutionary theories, the James-Lange theory, the Cannon-Bard theory, Schacter and Singer’s two-factor theory ...The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that physical changes occur in response to a given stimulus, influencing our emotions. In other words, our emotions result from physical changes occurring in our bodies. William James and Carl Lange first devised the James-Lange theory in the 1880s. These two psychologists proposed that physiological ...To investigate the role of cognitive physiological factors in the experience of emotion. Hypothesis 1. If a person experiences a state of arousal for which they have no immediate explanation, they will label this state and describe feelings in terms of cognitions available to them. Hypothesis 2. If a person experiences a state of arousal for ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like An aroused state that occurs because of a psychological need is known as a(n), In self-determination theory, refers to the need to belong and feel close to others., According to the broaden-and-build model of positive emotion, an individual can use positive emotions to see unusual …The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response when threatened. ... This leads to an aversion to the odor cue that suggests the rats learned to fear the odor cue. Interestingly, when the mother was ....

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